The cross: history, art, and controversy

Scandalum crucis : the curse of the cross

Signum crucis : the sign of the son of man

Inventio crucis : discovery, dispersion, and commemoration of the cross

Crux abscondita : the late-emerging crucifix

Adoratio crucis : monumental gemmed crosses and feasts of the cross

Carmina crucis : the cross in poetry, legend, and liturgical drama

Crux patiens : medieval devotion to the dying Christ

Crux invicta : the cross and crucifix in the Reformation period

Crux perdurans : the cross in the New World, Islam, and the modern era.